https://stockter.info/en/Recent content in Articles on stockter.infoHugo -- gohugo.ioen-USTexts, glossaries and figures: CC0 1.0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) · Andreas Stockterhttps://stockter.info/en/history-of-artificial-intelligence.htmlSun, 18 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-artificial-intelligence.html The history of artificial intelligence from 1943 to 2026 as a chain of problems and solutions: from the artificial neuron via perceptron, backpropagation and deep learning to transformers, ChatGPT and agents. With figures, glossary, timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-ai-in-security-and-defence.htmlSun, 25 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-ai-in-security-and-defence.html The history of artificial intelligence in security and defence, from Wiener's anti-aircraft predictor of 1940 via SAGE, ARPA, expert systems and the Strategic Computing programme, DART in the Gulf War, drones and target recognition, Project Maven and the dispute at Google, the war in Ukraine and the reports from Gaza, to the language models that find vulnerabilities and run intrusions in 2026: who operates the loop of observing, deciding and acting, and what remains open. With figures, glossary, timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-e-commerce.htmlFri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-e-commerce.html The history of e-commerce from the first mail-order catalogue in 1861 through Minitel and Bildschirmtext, the first encrypted purchase on the web in 1994, Amazon, eBay and the bubble, marketplaces, the smartphone and the QR code, the pandemic, Temu and the rules of the EU, to the AI agents that are supposed to shop for us in 2026. With figures, glossary, timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-open-source.htmlWed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-open-source.html The history of open source from the program libraries of the 1950s through Unix, GNU and Linux to GitHub, cloud licences and the supply chain, told as a chain of bottlenecks and answers. With timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-project-management.htmlSat, 24 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-project-management.html The history of project management from the builders of the pyramids and the failure at Panama through Gantt's bar chart, the network plans of DuPont and Polaris, Apollo, PMBOK and PRINCE2, Scrum and the Agile Manifesto to Flyvbjerg's iron law, Berlin's airport, Stuttgart 21 and the AI agents that write plans in 2026. With figures, glossary, timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-financial-mathematics.htmlThu, 29 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-financial-mathematics.html The history of financial mathematics: from the interest tables of Babylon through Fibonacci, Halley's life table, Bachelier, Markowitz and Black-Scholes to value at risk, the copula of the financial crisis, high-frequency trading and the AI agents for which central banks are considering a kill switch in 2026. With worked examples, exercises, calculators to try, figures, formula sheet, glossary, timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-software-development.htmlTue, 20 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-software-development.html The history of software development from Lovelace's first program to AI-assisted development, told as a chain of bottlenecks and answers. With timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-the-internet.htmlWed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-the-internet.html The history of the Internet from the telegraph through ARPANET, TCP/IP and the World Wide Web to platforms, encryption and rules, told as a chain of bottlenecks and answers. With timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-the-mathematics-behind-ai.htmlFri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-the-mathematics-behind-ai.html The history of the mathematics behind AI, from Babylonian equations through Descartes's coordinates, Newton's and Leibniz's derivative, Bayes's probability, Gauss's least squares, Cauchy's gradient descent, Cayley's matrices and Shannon's entropy to backpropagation and the transformer: a course that assumes only the four basic operations of arithmetic and ends by explaining the formula with which language models compute. With figures, glossary, timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-venture-capital.htmlWed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-venture-capital.html The history of venture capital from Doriot's first fund in 1946 through semiconductors, computers, biotechnology, the Internet, platforms and the cloud to the billion-dollar rounds of AI, told along the rules and institutions that released the money each time. With timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-vibe-coding.htmlThu, 22 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-vibe-coding.html The history of vibe coding from Hopper's first compiler in 1952 through Fortran, Visual Basic and Stack Overflow to Copilot, ChatGPT, Cursor and the agents that have written whole programs since 2025: how writing code became ever cheaper, what went wrong when nobody read it any more, and what remains of programming. With figures, glossary, timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-psychological-warfare-with-ai.htmlThu, 29 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-psychological-warfare-with-ai.html The history of psychological warfare and political influence with AI: from the leaflets of the First World War through Goebbels’ People’s Receiver, Sefton Delmer’s black stations, Radio Free Europe and the KGB’s AIDS lie to sock puppets, the troll factory, Cambridge Analytica, Doppelganger and the language models that argue more persuasively than humans in 2025 and run campaigns as agents in 2026. With figures, glossary, timeline and sources.https://stockter.info/en/history-of-democratisation.htmlWed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://stockter.info/en/history-of-democratisation.html How authoritarian societies became pluralist democracies: from Athens, Magna Carta and Locke via the American constitution, the vote and the fall of Weimar, the Basic Law and the coups of the Cold War to the negotiated transitions from Lisbon to Cape Town, the round tables of 1989, elections without democracy, and erosion and resistance up to 2026, plus a comparison of what decided success and failure. With figures, glossary, timeline and sources.